How to pull Financial Liquidity Ratios using Python

Liquidity refers to how easily an asset can be converted into cash without affecting the market price. In our education section, we have two articles that go into detail about the topic. The first article explains what liquidity means and why it is important to measure it. The second goes into detail about the 8 crucial ratios that measure liquidity and allow investors to understand how liquidity will affect that business. In this article, we are going to teach you how to pull financial liquidity ratios directly from the Financial Modeling Prep financial ratio API.

The eight ratios we will investigate are:

1. Current Ratio
2. Quick Ratio
3. Cash Ratio
4. Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO)
5. Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO)
6. Operating Cycle
7. Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO)
8. Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)

Step 1: Load FMP Developer API Docs Website

From this article go to the top right of the page, click “Developers” and then click "API Docs" from the list below. Make sure you are logged into your account. You should see this in the top right corner:

Otherwise, click login and enter your account credentials.

A key piece of information that'll want to write down in a safely secured location is your API Key. This is located in the second section of the API docs page which is called "Your Details". See in the example below, it should be a long series of letters and numbers. As with any key, this unlocks something and in this case it ensures that you have permission to access the API you are requesting. Make sure to keep your key private and safely secured if you are storing it somewhere on your computer. It is against our terms and conditions to share your API key with anyone - your account will be blocked and investigated if we suspect you are doing this.

Step 2: Copy the URL for the API you want to access

For this example, we are going to pull from the company profile API. So scroll down to the section that says Company Financial Ratios (You can also use the navigation bar on the left hand side of the screen) and you will see the following

Then right click on the box that contains something that looks like a condensed URL. In this case: api/v3/ratios/APPL?limit=40

Step 3: Open Your Python Environment and copy URL

Now you'll need to open up your Python environment to start writing code. To start with, create a variable called “URL” and give the string version of the URL you copied in step 2. You can simply use Ctrl + V (or cmd + V for mac users) to paste the url you copied.

ERROR ALERT: Make sure to add inverted commas (otherwise called quotation marks) around the copied URL to make the URL variable a string.

url = “https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/ratios/AAPL?limit=40&apikey=demo”

If you're copying directly from this page you'll need to make sure that you replace the ‘demo' with your API key

Step 4: Write the Python code to access the Financial Statement

To learn more about exactly what all the following code means and why it works, visit out guide - How to call a Financial Modeling Prep API

try: # For Python 3.0 and later from urllib.request import urlopen except ImportError: # Fall back to Python 2's urllib2 from urllib2 import urlopen import json def get_jsonparsed_data(url): """ Receive the content of ``url``, parse it as JSON and return the object. Parameters ---------- url : str Returns ------- dict """ response = urlopen(url) data = response.read().decode("utf-8") return json.loads(data) url = ("https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/ratios/AAPL?limit=40&apikey=demo") Ratios_APPL = get_jsonparsed_data(url)

The variable that we have created called Ratios_APPL will have all the financial ratios from the last 40 years of Apple Inc's financial statements in the JSON format.

Step 5: Pull out the individual liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratios listed at the beginning of this article aren't named exactly the same way in the JSON because we want to keep the code clean and we can't use spaces in python when naming individual variables and objects. The JSON format stores the data as a list of dictionaries for each year. Each dictionary is made up of keys and values. In this case, each key is a financial ratio and the value is the figure for that ratio. The key name of each liquidity ratio in the JSON file is as follows:

Liquidity Ratio	Key Name
Current Ratio	'currentRatio'
Quick Ratio	'quickRatio'
Cash Ratio	'cashRatio'
Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO)	'daysOfSalesOutstanding'
Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO)	'daysOfInventoryOutstanding'
Operating Cycle	'operatingCycle'
Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO)	'daysOfPayablesOutstanding'
Cash Conversion Cycle	'cashConversionCycle'

Let's say we want to pull out Apple's 2020 Cash Ratio. We would use the following code:

Ratios_APPL[0]['cashRatio']

It's important to note that the format of this data means that as you index higher, you'll go further back in time. Here's a little bit of code that will help you understand how to index for a specific year:

for i in range(0,len(Ratios_APPL)): print(i, Ratios_APPL[i]['date'])

This will return a print out of each index and its corresponding date taken:

Examples Of Pulling Liquidity Ratios

This block of code will print out all of the liquidity ratios for a certain year:

LiquidityRatios = [ 'currentRatio', 'quickRatio', 'cashRatio', 'daysOfSalesOutstanding', 'daysOfInventoryOutstanding', 'operatingCycle', 'daysOfPayablesOutstanding', 'cashConversionCycle', ] #This is a list of all the profitability ratios APPL_2020_Ratios = [] #This is an empty list of that the next for loop will fill for i in range(0,len(LiquidityRatios)): APPL_2020_Ratios.append(Ratios_APPL[0][LiquidityRatios[i]]) #This adds the ratio i to the list of Apple's ratios print(f"{LiquidityRatios[i]} , {APPL_2020_Ratios[i]: .2f}")

Notice in the last line code within the f string there is a “: .2f”. This little addition formats the output of the print function to be to two decimal places. This makes the output far more digestible.

This next block of code will print out the cashRatio for the past 5 years:

for i in range(0,5): print(f"Cash Ratio = {Ratios_APPL[i]['cashRatio']:.2f}")

Finally, here's a function you can use to get a print out of any ratios historical values:

def historical_ratio(ratioName, years): for i in range(0,years): print(f"ratioName = {Ratios_APPL[i][ratioName]:.2f}")